Leadership Skill-Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Administration Skill-Building - Essay Example is to see the formation of a contemporary stage that makes products and enterprises of upgraded quality closer to the worldwide network towards the settling and bringing of amicability as the workplace is accommodative to the diverse social and strict perspectives that in different pieces of the world. Instate a stage for the preparation of future pioneers to upgrade the destruction of tendency to government sponsorships and adherence to the paralegal obligations that pioneers ought to be knowledgeable of. In understanding to DuBrin’s clarification concerning the accomplishing speculative statures of unrivaled authority, it is essential to have key qualities, for example, center self assessment since as a pioneer, the general public is dynamic in each angle and thus leading an individual review concerning the character characteristics that air to the individuals you are in administration for is critical. Being reliable can't be additionally clarified neither would it be able to be covered to be disregarded. The adequacy of pioneer is measured upon his/her aims and intentions towards the acknowledgment of recently set objectives. Being in an administration position is an overwhelming errand and directing issues in a dishonest way signs the primary mark to the breakdown of the authority system and mainstays of good initiative. I along these lines would endeavor to lead all in a moral and legal way that doesn't abuse anybody in the

Nordstrom Incâ€analyzing Financial Performance

NORDSTROM INCâ€ANALYZING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE RETURN ON OPOERATING ASSETS ADDITIVE DUPONT MODEL Summary Nordstrom is one of the most established retail organizations in the United States. It began from 1901 in Seattle and has been developed to an incredible retailer in national territory. Selling top notch items is the most significant strategy for Nordstrom to gather its income. Simultaneously, Nordstrom likewise offers credits and obligations to clients by his banks. For this situation, we are attempting to examination Nordstrom’s budget reports and ascertain scarcely any basic proportions to move toward the exhibition of this company.The primary concern in our investigation is to make sense of how Nordstrom is utilizing its working resources for get returning. a). ROE is utilized to quantify the net benefit in a period as a level of shareholder’s value. In other word, ROE implies how much total compensation we can get by utilizing shareholders’ speculation . ROE is a higher priority than total compensation in dollar terms since ROE is a proportion. Proportion permitted examiners to look at companies’ execution over the period. Truth be told, the proportion can likewise assist us with looking at organizations in an alternate size or diverse industry.Net salary in dollar terms isn't broadly utilized on the grounds that this strategy is constrained by companies’ various circumstances. b). ROE and RONA are both valuable strategies to decide a company’s execution. Be that as it may, ROE and RONA measure a company’s execution in an alternate manner. ROE considers whole company’s pay, costs and increase/loss of a company’s benefit; RONA just consider a company’s net benefit from working exercises. Then again, ROE ascertains all profits which originate from shareholder’s working of value; RONA just computes the working resources and liabilities which don’t incorporate the financin g activities.The non-working segment of ROE speaks to is that an organization catches benefit from financing exercises and contributing exercises (them two are not working exercises). c). Negligible duty rate implies a pace of assessment that one organization needs to pay on its next dollar of available salary. Negligible expense rate will influence company’s future financial choices since this duty rate is identified with the monetary circumstance. Along these lines, organizations need to consider government annual expense as well as need to consider state personal duty. Assessment shield is the expense decrease, which is made by things that are permitted to take derivation from charge income.For occasion, enthusiasm on obligation is charge deductible, assuming obligation makes charge shield. Expense shield is a significant technique to sparing income and it is a critical piece of companies’ business valuation (Wikipedia, 2012). d. (in millions)| Fiscal 2009| Fiscal 2 008| Fiscal 2007| Operating assets| 6,579| 5,661| 5,600| Operating liabilities| 2,394| 1,938| 1,988| Net working assets| 4,185| 3,723| 3,612| e. 2009 NOPAT= 441 + [(138? (1-38. 5%)] = 526 2008 NOPAT= 401 + [(131? (1-38. 5%)] =482 The dollar measure of Nordstrom’s charge shield from nonoperation exercises in monetary 2009 is $53 ( $ 138 x 38. 5 % ). f. 009 RNOA = $526/[($4,185 + $3,723)/2] = $526/$3,954 = 13. 3% 2008 RNOA = $482/[($3,723 + $3,612)/2] = $482/$3,668 = 13. 1% g. RNOA is improved over the two years. So as to comprehend the expansion, we can look at NOPM and NOAT. NOPM is 6. 1 % ( $ 526/$ 8, 627) in 2009 and 5. 6 % ( $ 482/8, 573) in 2008. NOPM dissects the measure of net working benefit after duty for every dollar that is been earned by deals. The expansion in NOPM might be seen a little increment yet on the off chance that the volume of the deals is thought of, the expansion would have immense effect on an increment in total compensation. NOAT is 2. 18 % ($ 8, 62 7/3,954) in 2009 and 2. 4 % ($ 8, 573/3, 688) in 2008. The reduction in NOAT shows that the organization is less proficient and viable regarding producing deals by utilization of benefits. To finish up, one might say that the organization accomplished better likelihood by a more regrettable utilization of working resources. In any case, the position of the organization is acceptable and getting better on the off chance that we underline the expansion in RNOA over the two years. h. 2009 ROE = $441/[($1,572+ $1,210)/2] = 31. 7 % Non working return: ROE †RNOA = 31. 7 % †13. 3 % = 18. 4 % 2008 ROE = $401/[($1, 210 + $ 1,115)/2] = 34. 5 % Non working return: ROE †RNOA = 34. 5 % †13. 1 % = 21. 4 % The ROE is diminished from 34. % to 31. 7 % over the two years. The contrast among ROE and RNOA shows that there is non-working return. Non-working returns shows the impact of obligation to back working resources. Besides, it shows that Nordstrom utilizes liabilities or oblig ation to increment working resources and profit. Nordstrom utilizes obligation and the expense of the obligation is not exactly the profit, in this manner it is valuable for the organization. I. Net non-working commitments 2007: $261+ $2,236 = $2,497 2008: $275+$24+$$2,214 = $2,513 2009: $356+2,257= $2,613 FLEV 2009: [($2,613+$2,513)/2]/$1,390 = 1. 84 2008: [$2,523+$2,497)/2]/$1,163 = 2. 15 It shows that Nordstrom has $1. 4 of non-working liabilities for each dollar of shareholder’s value. The organization has less monetary influence contrast with year 2008. Furthermore, the organization doesn't have non-working resources; FLEV measure can be utilized as company’s obligation to-value proportion as well. Spread 2009: 13. 3% †($85/$2,563) = 10. 0% 2008: 13. 1% †($81/$2,505) = 9. 9% Nordstrom’s RNOA earned 13. 3% and 13. 1% in 2008 and 2009, while the organization paying just 3. 3% and 3. 2% for its obligation. In this manner, it implies that the organiza tion working return surpasses the expense of acquiring. Non-working return 2009: 1. 84 x 10. 0% = 18. 4% 2008: 2. 15 x 9. 9% 21. 3% j. Nordstrom| TJX| Return on equity| 31. 7%| 48. 3%| RNOA| 13. 3%| 38. 3%| NOPM| 6. 1%| 6. 1%| NOAT| 2. 1%| 6. 28%| Non working return| 18. 4%| 10. 1%| FLEV| 1. 84| 0. 29| Spread| 10. 0%| 34. 9%| The ROE of Nordstrom is 31. 7% and TJX 48. 3% show that both of the organizations are truly productive. The organizations are altogether different than one another regarding systems. Nordstrom for the most part utilizes influence so as to expand the profits; then again, TJX utilizes for the most part investors value and less influence. Both of the organizations have the equivalent NOPM at 6. 1% that expresses that the two organizations make 6. 1 pennies after expense for each dollar of sale.Furthermore, TJX has better working resource turnover (NOAT) than Nordstrom, which shows that TJX is changing over its working advantages for money multiple times quicker th an Nordstrom. RNOA is determined by duplicating NOAT and NOPM that is 13. 3 % for Nordstrom and 38. 4 % for TJX. The non-working return is diverse for organizations. The numbers are 18. 4 % for Nordstrom and 10. 1 % for TJX. The numbers show that Nordstrom has more influence than TJX. Nordstrom’s FLEV is a lot higher than TJX which shows that TJX has less commitments and influence than Nordstrom with in regards to value. TJX’s spread is multiple times higher than Nordstrom.Although the two organizations have generally close non-working costs to non-working commitments number ( cost of obligation ), the distinction in Spread is identified with RNOA numbers. Moreover, TJX doesn't have numerous commitments, which lead to low non-working return. k. So as to improve RNOA in 2010, the organization can improve its NOPM or its NOAT. Nordstrom administrations need to improve their deals and decrease the costs to improve NOPM. Diminishing the measure of working resources, for ex ample, long haul fixed resources can expand NOAT. Also, they can attempt a few different ways to gather debt claim rapidly, sell inventories rapidly nd sell some property or hardware. Regarding liabilities, Nordstrom administrations can concede to take care of tab in creditor liability and personal duty liabilities. These techniques may improve Nordstrom’s RNOA. End Nordstrom Inc. ’s RNOA proportion shows that the company’s money related execution in 2009 is marginally better than in 2008. All the more explicitly, the RNOA is expanded from 13. 3% to 13. 1 % over the two years yet its ROE is diminished. The distinction among ROE and RNOA shows that there is non-working return. Non-working returns shows the impact of obligation to back working assets.Moreover, it shows that Nordstrom utilizes liabilities or obligation to increment working resources and income. Nordstrom utilizes obligation and the expense of the obligation is not exactly the income, in this way it is gainful for the organization. In light of the information from monetary record, then again, the administrations used a larger number of liabilities in 2009 than 2008 to expand the profits.. That implies Nordstrom’s directors did steady employments in money related execution in 2009. Be that as it may, contrasted and others increasingly fruitful organizations in a similar industry, for example, TJX, Nordstrom administrations should attempt others compelling techniques to improve their profits.

The Secret to Doing Quality Writing

The Secret to Doing Quality WritingThe secret to doing quality writing is in having high quality writing skills. It is difficult for a novice writer to put words together properly, let alone someone who is just starting out. Professional writers of course are much better than the mediocre writers who are at the beginning of their writing careers. But when I am teaching this technique, I will often advise that a writer not even attempt writing for their first six months on a subject.When you are beginning, try not to be an 'ugly duckling' and be a highly skilled writer. I always stress that 'Begin where you are.' That means start writing from the point of view of a beginner and spend your time learning the proper use of the English language, how to establish yourself as a professional writer.Keep in mind that once you have gained some basic knowledge about the craft, or you have gotten past a period of apprenticeship, you can continue to write without having to worry about the rules. After all, a seasoned professional writer has learned everything there is to know about grammar and spelling, how to format the information, how to title the information, how to structure the article, how to organize the information, and so on. If you take it seriously, you can learn everything there is to know.When you are well beyond the phase of an amateur, it is usually advisable to invest in some writing software that can assist you with structure and practice. Writing software can also help you understand how to structure your articles. When you have mastered this skill, you can then move onto the next stage of learning how to find the correct word to describe what you are trying to convey.Writers also need to develop their own vocabulary. This should be followed by the ability to use good grammar and a proper sentence structure. However, most amateur writers do not do these things well enough to give themselves the edge they need.If you are just starting out, do not overcompl icate your writing and write without thinking it through. You may be tempted to write one of your own articles every day or even every hour. This is an incredibly risky practice and if you lose the plot and lose your focus on the topic at hand, you may be spending more time on the bottom of the story than you should.One important aspect of being a writer is to develop an effective style. You need to develop your own unique voice. You must have a style that you like to work with or you will be lost in the sea of poorly written articles that flood the Internet every day. You must use your own unique voice as opposed to just trying to imitate other writers.If you want to excel in writing, you must read plenty of different kinds of writing. If you can read as many writing styles as possible. You must make sure that you have something unique to say and that you can get across your message effectively.

Go Back to Where You Came from Documentary Analysis Essay

Finding Safe Refuge English Task 1 [Type the author name] [Type the company name] English Task 1 There are many different views about refugees in Australian society, where illegal boat people and over flowing detention centres are a controversial problem today. Go Back To Where You Came From is a documentary directed by Ivan O’Mahoney about a social experiment that challenges the dominant views of six Australians about refugees and asylum seekers. These six Australians are taken on a 25 day journey where they are placed into the troubled â€Å"worlds† of refugees. For a few of the Australians it is their first time overseas but, for all of them it is the most challenging and confronting experience of their lives. This essay will discuss†¦show more content†¦Another technique used in the documentary to challenge the viewers’ assumptions was the use of narration to present facts about the refugee situation. These facts and figures give the viewers a truthful and realistic picture of the situation. Some beliefs that exist in Australian society are that we are taking in too many refugees; they are criminals, they are taking over Australia, using Australian tax payers’ money and changing our culture. However, we are presented with facts and figures that change our assumptions. For example, more than 30 million people have fled their homes with nothing but the clothes they wear, boat smugglers charge up to and over $10, 000 US dollars, 13, 000 refugees are accepted annually only 2,000 of those refugees arrive by boat. Despite what many people think, like Raye who believed refugees in Australia are â€Å"handed everything on a gold platter,† life in detention centres is hard. In Villawood Detention Centre, over 9 months, three detainees committed suicide and 18 caused self-harm. Finally, camera angles and shots were used cleverly to draw the viewer into the journey of the six Australians and the lives of the refugees. Close-ups were used to capture emotions and feelings of the characters. For example, during the immigration raid in Malaysia, close-up camera shots showed the fear, confusion and also shock on the six Australians. Close-ups were also effectiveShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of The World Wide Web1608 Words   |  7 Pagesis not a single Search Engine that indexes the entire World Wide Web. 4. Directories are another type of index to the World Wide Web. What makes them different from search engines? What makes them different from search engines are because directories are made and kept up by human editors. 5. What Search Engine do you like to use and why? I like to use Google because I am familiar to the format of Google and I like to see their logo change for each holiday event. 6. 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Clipboard Basics (Cut / Copy / Paste) - Delphi Code

The Windows Clipboard represents the container for any text or graphics that are cut, copied or pasted from or to an application. This article will show you how to use the TClipboard object to implement cut-copy-paste features in your Delphi application. Clipboard in General As you probably know, the Clipboard can hold only one piece of the same kind of data for cut, copy and paste at one time. If we send new information in the same format to the Clipboard, we wipe out what was there before, but the contents of the Clipboard stays with the Clipboard even after we paste those contents into another program. TClipboard In order to use the Windows Clipboard in our applications, we must add the ClipBrd unit to the uses clause of the project, except when we restrict cutting, copying and pasting to the components already possessing built-in support for Clipboard methods. Those components are TEdit, TMemo, TOLEContainer, TDDEServerItem, TDBEdit, TDBImage and TDBMemo. The ClipBrd unit automatically represents a TClipboard object called Clipboard. Well use the CutToClipboard, CopyToClipboard, PasteFromClipboard, Clear and HasFormat methods to deal with Clipboard operations and text/graphic manipulation. Send and Retrieve Text In order to send some text to the Clipboard the AsText property of the Clipboard object is used. If we want, for example, to send the string information contained in the variable SomeStringData to the Clipboard (wiping out whatever text was there), well use the following code: uses ClipBrd; ... Clipboard.AsText : SomeStringData_Variable; To retrieve the text information from the Clipboard well use uses ClipBrd; ... SomeStringData_Variable : Clipboard.AsText; Note: if we only want to copy the text from, lets say, Edit component to the Clipboard, we do not have to include the ClipBrd unit to the uses clause. The CopyToClipboard method of TEdit copies the selected text in the edit control to the Clipboard in the CF_TEXT format. procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin   Ã‚   //the following line will select   Ã‚   //ALL the text in the edit control   Ã‚   {Edit1.SelectAll;}   Ã‚   Edit1.CopyToClipboard; end; Clipboard Images To retrieve graphical images from the Clipboard, Delphi must know what type of image is stored there. Similarly, to transfer images to the clipboard, the application must tell the Clipboard what type of graphics it is sending. Some of the possible values of the Format parameter follow; there are many more Clipboard formats provided by Windows. CF_TEXT - Text with each line ending with a CR-LF combination.CF_BITMAP - A Windows bitmap graphic.CF_METAFILEPICT - A Windows metafile graphic.CF_PICTURE - An object of type TPicture.CF_OBJECT - Any persistent object. The HasFormat method returns True if the image in the Clipboard has the right format: if Clipboard.HasFormat(CF_METAFILEPICT) then ShowMessage(Clipboard has metafile) ; Use the Assign method to send (assign) an image to the Clipboard. For example, the following code copies the bitmap from a bitmap object named MyBitmap to the Clipboard: Clipboard.Assign(MyBitmap) ; In general, MyBitmap is an object of type TGraphics, TBitmap, TMetafile or TPicture. To retrieve an image from the Clipboard we have to: verify the format of the current contents of the clipboard and use the Assign method of the target object: {place one button and one image control on form1} {Prior to executing this code press Alt-PrintScreen key combination} uses clipbrd; ... procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin if Clipboard.HasFormat(CF_BITMAP) then Image1.Picture.Bitmap.Assign(Clipboard) ; end; More Clipboard Control Clipboard stores information in multiple formats so we can transfer data between applications using different formats. When reading information from the clipboard with Delphis TClipboard class, we are limited to standard clipboard formats: text, pictures, and metafiles. Suppose youre working between two different Delphi applications; how would you define custom clipboard format in order to send and receive data between those two programs? For the purpose of exploration, lets say you are trying to code a Paste menu item. You want it to be disabled when there is no text in the clipboard (as an instance). Since the entire process with the clipboard takes place behind the scenes, there is no method of TClipboard class that will inform you when some change in the content of the clipboard has taken place. The idea is to hook in the clipboard notification system, so youre able to access and respond to events when the clipboard changes. To enjoy more flexibility and functionality, dealing with clipboard change notifications and custom clipboard formats -- listening to the Clipboard -- is necessary.

Reasons For New Independence - 948 Words

Thomas Paines Common Sense pamphlet is an argument for American independence. There is talk on how when the settlers first came to America they still when by the English government and did not create there own. Also how he dislikes monarchies and how he views government should be or how he proposes it. He also talks how people who are rulers of monarchies have the power like God there devine right to be in the place that they are in. Then he goes into how America can not recosol ties with Great-Britain due to that in the future there will be more problems than there are at the moment and it could cause problems for there traid. Through time things had changed since the settlers came to the new world. When the settlers first came to the new world they came from England, arriving with their English ways of seeing government with and with their notions of government centered around it. They did not choose to create an new government from scratch but just went off on what they all alre ady had connecting the English government in the process. There and idea that is put into our view that if you were to put a people into a secluded place they would â€Å"in this state of natural liberty, society will be their first thought† (4). In this Pain is trying to say that normally when someone is free they naturally make a society that has a government, but through still having English ideals and a connection to England that is not possible to lose their connection to be unique.Show MoreRelated The Goals of the Declaration of Independence Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Goals of the Declaration of Independence The American Revolution was not only a battle between the British and the colonists; it was a historical movement that brought about new ways of thinking. The ideas of liberty and equality began to be seen as essential to the growth of the new nation. 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Culture alongside a text Essay Example For Students

Culture alongside a text Essay However, if the viewer of the film reads the anthropological text before watching the film, he or she may very well be able to decipher the actions of the natives without aid from an instructor. The footage of the fight allows the student to see the full extent of the chaos involved in the ax fights the Yanomamo take up to settle disputes. The emotional intensity cannot be captured by words on paper, regardless of how eloquent the anthropologist may write. A film is necessary to convey the emotions and reactions of the natives as they would be in a real situation. From the raw footage, though, there arises a problem. The chaos of fieldwork that is represented in the 11 minute first section of The Ax Fight brings to the forefront the problem of anthropological interpretation, which the other two sections of the film address (Biella, n. d. ). Depending on the goals and personal beliefs of the anthropologist, the outbreak of fighting may be interpreted in multiple ways. Chagnon conducted follow-up interviews and researched the villages history and marriage ties to come to his interpretation of the days events. Thus while his interpretation is well-backed and highly likely to be what truly occurred, another anthropologist may see it quite differently. The third section demonstrates how raw film footage, appropriately trimmed, slowed down, and expanded, can provide empirical evidence needed to make a credible interpretation (Biella, n. d. ). Because Chagnon is in fact the author of the ethnographic text and a collaborator on the Yanomamo series, the interpretations are similar if not identical between the book and the film. However, had the film collaborators been different from the author of the text, as in many cases they are for a certain culture, the interpretations would have more than likely differed by some degree, ranging from a small disagreement to a complete re-interpretation of motives and subtleties. This may in fact be more useful to the student, as contrasting interpretations would allow the student to see different representations of the same culture, forcing him to analyze each rather than blindly accept the one representation first given. In the case of the Yanomamo culture, a different representation proves to be difficult to come across as not many, if any, other anthropologists have ventured to study the Yanomamo as extensively as Chagnon has. Nonetheless, a visual representation, regardless of the difference or lack thereof of interpretation, is essential to a complete understanding and knowledge of a culture. While a visual representation, whether it is a film or photographs, is needed to arrive at complete understanding of a societys culture and way of life, a visual aid alone does little in respect to fostering a deep level of understanding from the student. Indeed, neither raw film nor raw field notes can be decoded without context (El Guindi, 2004, p. 227). Without previous knowledge about the Yanomamo culture, the film serves as little more than a case study in internal conflict within any given society. In order to utilize the film as part of an extensive, deep learning of Yanomamo culture, the ethnographic text must be read first, not the other way around. With no cultural context in which to place the fight that erupts, little is learned about kinship and marriage ties from the film. While Chagnon does explain the essentials of the raw footage to create a basic understanding of what is going on, he has less than nine minutes of screen time to describe what he considers to be the most important people, actions, and motives. Only twelve people of the over 50 people involved in the film are identified by name or genealogically (Biella, n. d. ). Of course, identifying all fifty persons would more likely than not to confuse the student rather than facilitate learning. .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a , .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .postImageUrl , .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a , .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:hover , .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:visited , .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:active { border:0!important; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:active , .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8925ad3efe0be0ddf74b53ce5801986a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hoover v. rosevelt EssayIt must also be kept in mind that The Ax Fight is a visual representation of one specific aspect of the Yanomamo culture and does not even touch on other various features, such as the radical divide between the sexes, or go in depth on the kinship patterns and marriage ties. It is not intended as a representation of the culture as a whole. Other films, such as Kypseli, attempt to capture the essence of a culture in its entirety. For these types of films it cannot be argued as strongly that it is necessary to read an ethnographic text beforehand, as the film is basically the text in visual format. However, the film is just as necessary in respect to accompanying the learning of a culture through a written account. The visual aspect of the film, and any film for that matter, adds detail that would take thousands of words to describe. Indeed, the first 11 minutes of The Ax Fight are described in 380 paragraphs of text in Gary Seamans Blow-by-Blow Descriptions (Biella, Chagnon, Seaman, 1997). Clearly a visual representation adds valuable meaning to a written account of a culture. The example of The Ax Fight is a fine example of the importance of a visual representation alongside the study of an anthropological text, and this argument can be easily extended to all ethnographic work through common sense. Regardless of whether a student is a visual learner, auditory learner, etc. , having a variety of ways to learn about a culture is the best way to arrive at a complete understanding of the nuances of that society as well ones own decisions on how he or she feels about certain aspects of any given culture. A film adds another perspective to the information that is obtained from a text. Detailed descriptions are seen in reality rather than imagination and what may have previously not been understood, is now understood. In my own case I did not fully understand the cultural custom of the ax fight until I viewed the film depicting an actual occurrence of such an event. The anger on the faces I saw and passion in the womens cries could not be conveyed through the text. This applies to almost all anthropological texts, and the visual representation proves to be essential in the understanding of a culture. References Biella, P. (n. d. ). Introduction by Peter Biella.Retrieved December 1, 2008, from University of California Santa Barbara, Dept. of Anthropology Web site: http://www. anth. ucsb. edu/? projects/? axfight/? updates/? biellaintroduction. html#PART%20I. Biella, P. , Chagnon, N. A. , Seaman, G. (1997). Yanomamo Interactive: The Ax Fight (Version 1. 1a) . United States of America: Thomas Learning, Inc. Chagnon, N. A. (1997). Yanomamo (5th ed. ). Case studies in cultural anthropology. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College. (Original work published 1968) El Guindi, F. (2004). Visual anthropology: Essential method and theory. Walnut Creek: AltaMira.